3D Graphics OpenGL V3

Description

Been a while, eh? My goal for this project was to build a 3D graphics engine in scratch in the same way that it is done in OpenGL, a standard for 3D graphics. This meant doing things like matrix math, z-buffers, and 4D homogeneous coordinates - things that normally aren't used for 3D scratch projects. Most 3D scratch projects (https://scratch.mit.edu/projects/118602500/ for example) use the painter's algorithm to draw their scenes (see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painter%27s_algorithm), drawing polygons one at a time, from back to front. Because of it's speed, the painter's algorithm is the best way to do 3D for scratch, but there are limitations (see the wiki article). Because of that, real 3D graphics programs instead rasterize polygons into individual pixels, and draw the scene pixel by pixel. This allows for textures, smooth shading, intersections, and other features that are hard to do when drawing triangle by triangle. Unfortunately, pixel based drawing is very slow in scratch. Many computers use the GPU to speed up the whole process, hardware that scratch can't utilize. If you're interested, here's some more info on OpenGL and 3D computer graphics: https://www.scratchapixel.com/lessons/3d-basic-rendering/rasterization-practical-implementation/overview-rasterization-algorithm https://learnopengl.com https://www.khronos.org/opengl/wiki/Rendering_Pipeline_Overview Credits: https://opengameart.org/content/urban-skyboxes https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/pixel-low-poly-spaceship-eaad1ae4bf6a43fd9f3a80400dacbbfd

Instructions

- try turbowarp: https://turbowarp.org/560149534 - WASDQE to move & arrow keys to turn - Z to toggle skybox - C to toggle metallic material that reflects the skybox - X to switch between models. A number of comments noted how the monkey looks creepy (I agree), so I added a spaceship too. If you want to import your own 3D model, texture, or skybox, see the import sprite's costume. The current model is a lower-poly, textured version I made of Suzanne from Blender.